On Moses, Anger and me

When Moses came down from Mount Sinai with the precious tablets and saw the Golden Calf, he realized something had to be done. Carefully and ever so gently, he handed the tablets over the Joshua, his right-hand man who waited for him patiently and silently at the bottom of the steep climb. He then trotted over to the elders, greeted them all politely, and motioned to Aaron to come have a private moment with him. “Hey Aaron”, said the young brother, “What’s up? I really had a marvelous time up there. The view is mashehu-mashehu, maybe we should take on that peak together someday. How have things been here? I hear there is a party. And I think I saw an idol, well, I don’t want to make any false accusations, but you know me, kinda-of a stickler with the idol issue and don’t know if I’m very comfortable with it. I mean, if that is what it is. Any chance we can schedule a time to talk about it? Pencil us in for lunch next week between the korbanot”?

If this is not the story you remember from the Torah, or Midrashic literature– it’s because it’s not there.

We all know what happened. Moses Came down, saw the calf, smashed the tablets, ground the gold and mixed it in the water which was given to the people. Then there was also a massacre and an intense debate with G-d about whether there should be a Jewish people at all or not.

What if the Torah followed the Golden Calf incident with a Moses who “wants to talk about it” rather than a totally angry, out-there Moses? The calf would be there, but chances are we would not comprehend the weight of the act. Moses’ exhibition of great emotions, in this case great anger, conveys to us that things are serious. It is his reaction that makes us get the severity of what just happened. Had we had a well-measured lecture about the issue, we would have been asleep after the first 5 minutes. If fact, we did receive earlier information in the form of the commandments, but wow, until that very moment, we never thought it was that serious. Only now we really knew.

Yes, I know. the rabbis later wrote that those who succumb to anger are like idolaters, and I get that too, because anytime we lose sight of the fact that what happens to us is G-d given, and “ok” and a blessing, we are suspected of not truly believing and thus, worshiping something else. I get it. But, I also know that the rabbis who said that, lived during the time of the Romans, and getting angry with the Romans around was not pretty and not recommended. Further: I often use the rule (self-made?) that “the commentary teaches us more about the commentator than about the issue”, and therefore, I’m going to take this particular teaching of theirs re anger with a grain of salt, especially since we have quite the emotional bunch throughout the Torah, not only Moses and others, but G-d Himself too.

Which brings me back home.

My recent piece, “40 Plus and Screwed” got various feedbacks, mostly very positive which I appreciate and hope we can develop further (coming up). Some however opted to focus on “the tone”. “She sounds like an angry woman”, wrote someone, “she should have used different words”. I know it was raw, open, crude. But then, would it been heard otherwise?

We are also told in the Talmud that

בשלושה דברים אדם ניכר – בכוסו ובכיסו ובכעסו. ואמרי ליה: אף בשחקו

“A person is recognized in his cup (drinking), pocket (giving) and anger, and some say, in his laughter (playfulness or free time)”. I used to be told that this is about how we behave during these times, how we act when we drink, or when we’re angry. But an explanation I like much better is, that this is about who we are through these 3 (4) things: What do we drink for? What do we spend our money on? What makes us angry? What makes us laugh, or better yet: what do we do with our free time?

The bottom line is, We’re not told to not be angry, just wonder, what is it that gets to us. We’re allowed to have our emotions, which yes, we enjoy the longer we live and the longer we can be who we are, if nothing else because we are created in G-d’s image, and He, thank G-d, had lots of these Himself.

Where is the line, then, between venting, expressing, opening up issues, and between it becoming inappropriate and harmful on one hand, or being feared, stifled and silenced on the other? Obviously, if anyone has been hurt by what I wrote recently, then I haven’t quite figured it out. So I think it’s worth another conversation: can we afford anger? Can we afford being emotional? And then again, can we afford not to?

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All We Need is Love: the Torah Portion of Shlach Lecha and the Story of the “Spies”

It’s not only modern readers who question the Torah, and especially the stories of Genesis. Even Rashi, the famous medievalist commentator himself, states that the Torah should begin much later, in Exodus 12:1. He wonders, why did the Torah bother with the superfluous prelude of the creation story, and answers: So that one day, when the nations of the world ask how come the Land of Israel was given to the Jewish people, it will be possible to trace the story all the way to the very beginning where we will learn that God is the Creator and Master of the universe, and as such, has the right to give any piece of it to anyone He so wishes, including gifting His people one specific plot, about the size of New Jersey, often arid and filled with strife.

We might disagree with Rashi’s commentary, but its accuracy isn’t what is amazing.  Rather, it is the fact that somewhere in France of the 11th century, there sits a rabbi who is sure that the whole Torah is written as it is just to explain the special connection the People of Israel have with the Land of Israel.

What is it in this relationship that made Rashi make such a statement, in spite of the distance in space and time, and almost thousand years before modern Zionism?

Rashi wasn’t the only one to see something extraordinary. Centuries and miles away, on the other side of Europe, 17th century Rabbi Nachman of Breslau coined the saying, “Everywhere I go, I go to the Land of Israel”. Rabbi Joel Moshe Solomon, a religious Zionist leader of the 19th century, wrote: “… In all the days that passed from the time her sons left her, she had covered herself with sack cloth, shed tears and withdrew her light and hid in haze… she did not give her strength to strangers not her produce to aliens. Like her son’s destiny who cannot find rest among the nations, so is hers…”

What is it that they saw?

David Ben Gurion, Israel’s first prime-minister, describes it: “There are, no doubt, many who would like to conquer this Land, or – other lands. But is there another People who loves this Land? “

Indeed, this is also what the Book of Deuteronomy tells us (10:13-15): “And now, Israel, what doth the Lord your God requires of you, but…  to love Him… with all your heart and with all your soul… Only the Lord has delighted in your forefathers to love them… and He chose their offspring after them, even you… as it is this day…”.

The repeating verb here is – love; love of God, love of a People. While it goes through ups and downs, true love never goes away. It might be irrational, but it can’t be denied to those who feel it. This is what Rashi knows, 2000 years after King David’s reign, one thousand years after the destruction of the 2nd Temple, and during the time of the Crusaders, centuries before the establishment of a State with a government who argues over borders, education, and finance.

This is what we can still feel today.

In this week’s parasha, we encounter the stories of “the spies”: 12 princes and tribe leaders who brought back not-a-great report of their journey in the Land, resulting in the people staying in the desert 40 extra years. What did they do wrong that merited such a heavy punishment? After all, they acted as many leaders would. They were concerned about the People’s future and well-being; they were cautious; they were meticulous in noting, in detail, the challenges ahead. Indeed, they could have shared those more tactfully, but nevertheless, we can view their report as maintaining transparency and clear communication. And for none of that we would have wanted any of us to be punished with 40 years in the desert, and not entering the Land!

If it was only their actions, we might be able to justify them, but it wasn’t. What they lack is love. They lacked the faithful “I do” necessary to “go up and inherit the land”. This ingredient is a must in our relationships with the many facets of who we are as Jews, including – the Land, to this very day.

Once again, we will celebrate this relationship locally on Sunday, June 2 at our annual, largest community wide celebration, Israel in the Gardens. We look forward to seeing you there. Shabbat Shalom.

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40 Plus and Screwed – or – More on less Young Adult Engagement

You might ascribe the following comments to my advanced age, shifting moods, raging hormones. I admit. I am not a “young adult” by any current official definition of the term. At the same time, 4 of my 6 children are still in that age bracket, so I do have a vested interest in their Jewish connectedness, and anything we do in that realm of “young adult engagement”.

I started writing this piece a while back but doubting its political correctness, (yes, and my moods), left it. Then last week, I sat at yet another meeting and someone, proudly sharing all the young adult activities their organization features in a big, respectful Jewish community, said to me, “And after 40? What can I tell you. After 40 you’re screwed”.

And I have had it.

I’ve had it with the constant song and dance around “young adult engagement” as the only promise of any Jewish life anywhere ever at all. I know, I know. How dare I. Look at Birthright. Look at Masa. Look at the service opportunities programs. Look at so many groups swarming the Land every summer. Look at the grants, requests, waiting lists! Don’t you know what research shows? Didn’t you read the studies?  Here, let me show you the numbers.

Yes, I have seen it. In fact, some of these programs have been directly or indirectly run from my office. I’ve sat in countless meetings trying to figure out new, innovative strategies and solutions to just these challenges I am deeply aware of and genuinely care about. And yet, I‘ve had it.

I’ve had it with smug young people who bring little to the table short of age, whose presence leaves no room for anyone else, and the fact that they are 20 some, or 30 some does not make it cute. And surprise! Contrary to some belief, clueless dinosaurs did not roam the earth a few decades ago. There was always promise in young age. That is nothing new. But there was always more. It seems that now we have lost the “more”.

We. Yes, “we”, the “older generation”, we who placate to those younger than us and still willing to glance at us, say hi to us, never mind respond to our nagging- begging repeated requests and reluctantly agree to sit on one of our prestigious boards. We, who like young parents, bend over the carriage, cooing and making stupid faces, and when we chance a smile, just melt. We, who wait like an obedient puppy with a leash in our mouth, unable to contain the wagging tail. Oh, how wonderful it is that someone half or quarter of our age might take us out for a walk so finally we can see a glimpse of “the real world”! We, who wrote ourselves out of relevancy.

Time magazine just recently called the milennials “narcissistic, overconfident, entitled and lazy”, and you know what? I can live with it that young people are a little self-centered, a little self-focused. Also contrary to some belief (and anyone’s memory), we were like this too! It’s impossible not to. It’s what makes one travel from childhood to adulthood, from a narrow “me” to a greater “us”. What is not ok is that we let them stay there; that we allow this to become our ideal, our new god we bow down to.

Now, don’t get me wrong: being 26 or 36 is great fun. Then again, so is being six. Or 66, provided you have good health, good care and – let us not ignore – a good attitude. The rest is up for grabs. I know a 99 year old man with a witty sparkle in his eyes and a sharp mind that many 19 year olds would – and should – envy. I know 20 some and 30 some who seem more misplaced, tired and lifeless than my dead ancestors.

Because one can be young and hammered by the realities of low job opportunities, mortgage, relationships with souse, children, parents. And one can be “old”, and much freer, able and available, professionally and spiritually, with lots of energy, insight, wisdom and knowledge about life, but guess what. If that’s who you are, the Jewish people don’t need you anymore. Oh, wait, I’m exaggerating. They do need you. You’re welcome to pay dues. And memberships. And support the never-ending campaigns. And we will call on our various phonathons, because young people need to party. And travel. And explore their identity. And you? you’re already 50, maybe even 60. Seriously? You haven’t been to Israel?? and you still date?? But that’s one leg in the World to Come! So we are not going to invest in you. Please, step aside, and hand over the keys. And your check book? Thanks. Because that is the only role we left you. You are “40 plus and – therefore – screwed”.

Yes, I’m exaggerating, but not much. At a recent meeting about the millennia generation, someone – over 45 – dared ask, what can any of us, “alter kakers”, do. Alter Kakers by the way is not a nice thing to say, but no one corrected the derogatory term. One “millennia child” answered quickly: “You can listen”, he said. Another joked: “there is really nothing you can do”. The audience nodded with pride.

And I sat there wondering.

We, the People who brought to the world “honor your mother and father”, “glorify the elderly” and “rise (in respect) before the aged”; We who value life as a long journey of endless growth and learning, honored in all its stages; We who speak about each person like a whole world, and each member of the community as a critical part of the puzzle; We who teach about Abraham,  hearing God and traveling to a promised land when he was 75; Moses and Rabbi Akiva, finding Judaism in their 40’s and mastering it in their 80’s; We, who have an 89 year old youthful, forward-thinking Israeli president; what happened to us? when did we sell all these eternal, G-d given values and buy into the youth worshipping, giddy culture around us, placing money and chutzpa before wisdom, respect and kindness?

Over Pesach we read about Rabbi Azaria, one of the heros of the Hagadda: “Behold I am like a 70 year old”, he says. “Like” a 70 year old? The commentaries teach us that he was appointed as head of the Sanhedrin at a very young age, and a miracle happened: overnight his hair became white so he looked elderly and distinguished, thus gaining respect among his peers, most of them older than him in decades.

But we are living in a society that assigns old people to old people’s home, which often look worse, smell worse and are budgeted less than our prisons. We equate old age with lack of productivity, because we equate productivity with materialistic actions and achievements. We’ve been told we should all look “forever 21”, and we can’t get enough of it. When we grow up, we want to look like our kids! And what should our kids aspire to look like when they grow up?

It’s time to reverse the spiral and create a much more holistic story with a more comprehensive agenda. We should introduce programs based on content, not age, where all those participating realize the value of each person around the table; where people are not assigned “mentorship roles” by the color of the hair or the amount of wrinkles they haven’t had a chance – or the financial means – to get ironed, but rather, by what they contribute to the conversation. There should be opportunities for meetings, traveling, partying and yes, dating for those over 50, and there should be Birthright for those over 50 who never went to Israel before. It’s their birthright too.

Building a sustainable community can’t be just about paying for buses full of young people in hopes they will make Jewish babies. If anyone offered me a free trip to Germany, where my parents came from, I’d take it, and I’m sure I’d have a great time. I might even fall in love with a blonde-blue-eyed handsome German, but will that ensure my German identity? I so hope our conversation with our young adults can be deeper than that. Because don’t think they can’t see through our gimmicks. After all, we know how smart and wonderful they are, and they know that, once again, we’re trying to buy them. Like we did when we wanted them to get on the potty, or do homework, or come home early, or get the car, and even they, yes, “even they” want more than that.

We need to be what we’ve always been: a family. A whole family.  We need to make sure the babies we want have respected, active, well-integrated grandparents, uncles, aunts, and nowadays, great-grandparents too.

Above all – we need to leave our young adults with a clear message, that after 40 – you’re not screwed, because they too, like us, will reach that noble old age one day, and they should know that Jewish life isn’t over then; in fact, we’ve only just begun.

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Rain, Materialistic Blessings and Ultimate Fulfillment: the Torah Portion of Bechukotai

Did I mention? I love Hebrew! Maybe not at first sight, and not when I studied for matriculation exams in language and grammar, but ever since, things just get better. And the longer we get to hang around together, the deeper our connection.

Hebrew has an amazing system of roots that shed light on each other. Consider this: kaved means heavy, while kavod is honor, and indeed, depicts someone that has “weight” – in their own eyes, and in the eyes of those around them; a word which stands in contradiction to kal meaning light and klala – curse, or as befits the opposite of “weighted one” – taking someone lightly.

Rain in the Torah is often used as a key blessing. We probably know it best from the second paragraph of the Shma, and we will also see it in this week’s parasha, the last parasha of the Book of Leviticus. Bechukotai deals with the “blessing and curses”, also known as consequences: if we do good, good things will happen, and if not – a much longer and more detailed list of bad things will happen.

אם בחוקותי תלכו – If you walk in accordance with My law… the word for law here is “chukot”, usually meaning laws for which we can find no simple reason other than “kdusha”, holiness. Examples might include kashrut, sha’atnez and even Shabbat. For those we need great faith because, at the end of the day, those are the ones which have no rational explanation. Luckily about these laws the Torah just says here – “If you walk…” which according to some means, if you just get on the journey, it will count in your favor. You might not get all of them perfectly right, but at least start on the path in the right direction.

ונתתי גשמיכם בעתם – the first reward for doing the right thing is timely rain. Rain in Israel, especially of ancient times and still today is critical. Unlike Egypt – and the two are often put in contrast to each other – the Land of Israel has very limited resources, and those are all dependent on the Heavens. There are no daily tropical showers, great lakes, or man-made system of canals that ensure year-round steady flow. On the other hand, there are also no gods fighting with each other, expressing their capricious nature, oblivious to the humans far below. According to the Torah, rain is a reflection of a good relationship between the Children of Israel, their G-d and the way of life He prescribes to his People.

There is a midrash on Psalms 73:3 where it says: יִשְּׂאוּ הָרִים שָׁלוֹם לָעָם וּגְבָעוֹת בִּצְדָקָה – “mountains will bring peace to the nation, and the hills – tzedaka”. But how can that be? Do mountains bring peace and hills bring tzedaka? It is said: where there is no rain and little fruit, there is strife in the world. How so? One person might enter a vineyard of his fellow man in order to satisfy his hunger. The vineyard’s owner would be surprised and angry at the intruder, thus they begin to quarrel. Yet, while there is lots of rain, there is food, things are good and there is peace. Therefore the promise for “rain in its season” is a promise for peace in the word.

The same root used for the word גשם – geshem is also part of gashmiyut – materialism, and hitgashmut – fulfillment or self-realization. To me this is an extension of the original text that expresses two important, intertwined ideas: the first is that blessings express themselves in the material world around us, and I like the idea that the spiritual and the physical are closely connected, and that the physical is a reflection of other, deeper, hidden occurrences. It also reminds and teaches us that there is no sin in being affluent or living well, as long as we remember where are blessings are coming from and our tzedaka obligations.

And what if we do what we perceive as “the right thing” and there is no visible “reward”, “outcome” or physical benefits for us doing so, for after all, there is no guarantee for those? That’s where the second point comes in: more than walking in the right path is a recipe for receiving material goods, it is a journey for self-fulfillment and realization. Thus we can read the text like this: embarking on the journey, davka in dealing with those G-d given commandments we don’t necessarily fully comprehend, has the potential of bringing us closer to our own true self-fulfillment.

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שני קוריאנים אוחזין… Reading Talmud in Korea

In South Korea there are close to 49 million residents, and they all learn Gemara in the schools (www.ynet.co.il(, March 24, 2011). “We tried to understand why the Jews are such geniuses and we concluded that (it’s because) they study Talmud”, explained South Korea’s ambassador to Israel.

In a week of renewed terror including a bomb is Jerusalem (with 1 dead, 39 wounded, some still in critical condtion) and the returning shelling to the south of Israel (with rockets now reaching the outskirts of Be’er Sheva and Ashdod), as well as a joyous announcement about the women team of Ramle taking the European championship and the taking over the news at least for a few glorious moments, what’s the big deal about learning Talmud in South Korea?

“We were curious how come the Jews are so successful academically and have a much higher percentage of Nobel Prize winners in all fields… what is their secret?… one of your secrets is studying Talmud”, continued ambassador Young-Sam-Ma. There might be now more (translated) Talmud volumes in South Korean homes than in Israel! In his appearance on Israeli TV he spoke about shared values between the Jewish people and the Koreans such as the place of the family, respect for elders, education and culture. He was impressed with the fact that even in a small kibutz there is a cultural center with on-going cultural activities.

And the ambassador found other similarities between South Korea and Israel: both were established in 1948, are surrounded by enemies, are poor in natural resources and notorious for bad driving habits: “I feel right at home driving in Israel”.

But what’s with the Talmud?

The Talmud, which comes from the Hebrew root lmd “teach, study”, is a central text of Judaism’s oral law, composed of two parts: Mishnah (c. 200 CE) and the Gemara (c. 500 CE). Even if you speak Hebrew fluently, it can be most intimidating to try and study or just begin to read one line in it, but in order to appreciate what’s most fascinating about it, you don’t need to know Hebrew – or Aramaic. You just need to look at any random page in one of its many volumes.

The Talmud page doesn’t look like a regular book. It looks much more like a table with chairs around it. There is a central issue on that table, and all around it sit various guests with various opinions, discussing, debating and often fervently disagreeing with each other.

Any page of the Talmud is a picture of a multi-generational, global dialog. It’s not an encyclopedia filled with information. It’s a culture of hearing, listening, commenting, structuring a discussion, being creative, thinking outside the box, seeking solutions in the most unlikely places, never giving up on finding them. That has been the strength of our people.

This is what we still need today too. While for most part, our issues are not what to do with an egg that was laid on a yom tov (holiday) or the exact methods we should slaughter a ram on the altar for the priests, we do need dialog; we need to connect based on real, meaningful content. No social media tricks, no posting, bcc’ing, mass sending everybody our thoughts and conclusions without considering what another person actually says. Just good old face to face encounter with another live human being who cares about the same issues, even if they have an opposing view; nay, especially if they have opposing views! We need to sit down with those we have never met and barely know are part of our family.

The prophet Isaiah says: shalom, shalom larachok velakarov – “peach unto those who are far and those who are near”, calling unto those who are distant, and not just physically, to greet them first with blessings of wholesomeness. By doing so he expressed great confidence and true strength. There is fear in someone who cannot reach out past beyond themselves, and we, who’ve been around for centuries, have no reason to have this kind of fear. Like in the Talmudic page of old, we too can invite everybody to sit around our big table. Let us begin.

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The Fifth Son

(posted at: http://sfjcf.wordpress.com/2013/03/07/passover2013/)

March 7, 2013

by Michal Kohane, Israel Center Director

Studies show that Passover is the most-celebrated Jewish holiday of the year. It offers something for everyone: an extended-family get together, a hearty meal, historical insights, spiritual messages, intellectual exploration—as well as an invitation to strangers, the hungry (whether physically or spiritually), to share our table and our story.  It’s all there: Coming together as one people to enjoy a fabulous story accompanied by a grand dinner.

In many ways it’s a classic feel-good story: few against many, bad against good. One guy, no different that you and me, standing up to an evil tyrant, and although he was not given the gift of speech, he was able to inspire others to follow – and even later to lead an entire nation to the Promised Land.

Of course, along with the joy, comes the oyOy, the amount of cleaning, preparing, shopping, chopping, baking, making. Oy, look, so much food; oy, I’m stuffed….  But then, kvetching can be a good sign: it comes with a certain amount of doing, often in areas that are new, less familiar and challenging. Like Moses, we too are asked to step outside our comfort zone, and act.

The Five Sons

The story of the Four Sons in the Haggadah highlights our need to reach out beyond ourselves. We can see the four sons around us or even within us. We can also see them generationally. Thus, the “wise” are paralleled to the great-grandparents’ generation who came to this country at the turn of the century, a largely traditional community that had no need for books about why keep kosher and what tikkun olam means, because pretty much “everyone knew.” Their children, however, became “rebellious,” mocking their parents for their old, outdated practices: “What is this to you?” they asked, wanting to integrate into the new surroundings, be “like everyone else” and have little or nothing to do with the parents’ way of life. The third generation, the “simple” son, grew up in the home of the “rebellious” son, with a “wise” grandpa who perhaps still upheld some obscure practices, but what and why?

Then one day, the fourth child is born. This generation grows up in the home of the “simple” son with the “rebellious” son for a grandparent. They often know that they had a great-grandparent who was observant or a rabbi, but they already know so little that they “don’t know what to ask.” Regarding them the Pesach story instructs us, the listeners: “You must start him off.” There is no fifth son. The fifth son, symbolizing continuity in the family, depends on us. Already in the Haggadah, some of which was compiled more than 2000 years ago, we, the community, are called to find ways to engage the less engaged. Like Moses of long ago, we too are called to reach out and care. We are called to act.

Wishing you and your family a happy and meaningful Passover!

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מחצית השקל ושבת שלמה – פרשת כי תישא

פרשת “כי תישא”

 אחרי שבילינו פרקים ארוכים במדידת קורות, בניית שולחנות, הכנת ציפויי זהב, המנורה ופרטים אחרים מקשירת לולאות מסביב לוילונות המשכן להכנת שמן הזית ותפירת בגדי הכהן הגדול, הפרשת שלנו השבוע, “כי תישא”, קצת שונה. היא אינה מסכת חוקים אלא ארוזים בה מספר סיפורים ומסרים. היא מתחילה בספירת העם, עוברת לעוד תאורים בקשר לבנית המשכן, מנחה אותנו (שוב) לגבי שמירת שבת, ומסיימת בסיפור מעשה –או חטא – העגל המפורסם, כשבני ישראל בונים את עגל הזהב. זה הרבה, אבל אני הבטחתי לך עמוד אז ננסה רק טעימה קטנה מכמה מתאבנים בסעודה העשירה הזו.

 איך סופרים את עם ישראל? מימי המדבר ועד היום לא סופרים על ידי זה שמישהו מעמיד את כולם, מצביע ואומר – 1 -2 -3…. בבית כנסת מסורתי כשסופרים למנין לפעמים תראה מישהו פתאום אומר, “הושיעה את עמך וברך את נחלתך ורעם ונשאם עד העולם”. בפסוק הזה מתהילים יש עשר מילים. לכל מלה צריך להיות אדם. אם יש – אז יש מנין. אם לא, מחכים (או מחפשים. ועל מנין, בפעם אחרת). איך ספרו משה ואהרון את מאות אלפי -ויש אומרים מיליוני – האנשים שלפניהם? טוב, הם לא עשו את זה עם שירים אלא המציאו שיטה חדשה: הם בקשו מכל מבוגר להביא “מחצית השקל”, ואחר כך ספרו את המטבעות. למה דוקא “מחצית השקל”? למה לא אגורה? או שקל שלם – הרי יכלו באותה מידה ליצור מטבע של משהו “אחד” (שקל, לירה, אגורה), או אולי אבן? ומה עם לעמוד בשלשות?? פירוש אחד מציע: נצטוו בני ישראל להביא מחצית השקל כדי שכל אחד יזכור שהוא לא שלם לבדו, שהוא צריך לפחות עוד אחד, שביחד אנחנו מורכבים מאנשים שמתחברים לעם ומתחברים לעולם דרך עשיה משמעותית וחיובית.

 יש עוד תיאורים לגבי בנית המשכן ושמירת השבת, אבל פתאום, באמצע כל הפסטורליה והעבודה הזו, בני ישראל באים אל אהרון הכהן, בזמן שמשה עסוק בהר סיני עם כבודו, ומבקשים שיצור להם “אלוהים אשר ילכו לפנינו”. סיפור מדהים. מה קרה כאן? יש אנשים שאומרים, ‘אני לא מאמין באלוהים כי אין לי הוכחה. אילו רק ראיתי איזה נס קטנצ’יק או משהו’… אפילו בלי להזכיר לנו שגם לעינינו קורים ניסים אינספור שאנחנו מפספסים או לוקחים כמובן מאליו כל יום, הנה לפנינו חבורת האנשים שבטח ראו הכי הרבה ניסים שאפשר: את הנילוס הופך לדם, צפרדעים באות ונעלמות ועוד מכות מוזרות, את היציאה מעבדות לחירות, את פתיחת ים סוף ומים עומדים מימינם ומשמאלם, את מעמד הר סיני עם קולות וברקים… היינו חושבים, מה עוד צריך? הלוא אנחנו, אילו רק ראינו עשירית מזה… וואו… אבל מסתבר שגם ‘וואו’ אפשר לאבד בתוך זמן קצר. משה איננו במשך 40 יום, אולי זה כבר 41 אז כבר מחפשים תחליפים, אוספים זהב (מהר יותר מאשר אספו את מחצית השקלים או הדברים למשכן…) ועובדים לבנות אלוהים חדש? ומה בכלל הקשר למשה? הלוא הוא ממילא לא האלוהים? אז איך כל זה קרה? אנחנו לא יודעים. התורה מספרת לנו רק עובדות בלי הסברים, ובא המדרש ומתנדב להשלים לנו את החתיכה החסרה. לפיו, השטן (מה שזה לא יהיה, תשאיר לפעם אחרת, אבל כוחות שליליים כלשהם) הראה לבני ישראל את  ‘ארונו של משה’ מרחף בשמים. אצל בני ישראל נוצרה אשליה שמשה נפטר ושיתכן – יתכןשהם ישארו במדבר בלי מנהיג שיכול להוביל אותם. חשוב: המדרש בכוונה אומר שמה שהם ראו היתה אשליה ושלא היה להם שום בסיס ממשי, אבל הם רוצים להאיר לנו כמה מסוכן הספק לבדו. בשביל לערער את בטחונו של מישהו ומשם, את מעשיו ועתידו, לא צריך להרוס אותו כליל או להביא לו ‘הוכחות’ למה משהו לא הולך לעבוד. כל מה שצריך זה – לשתול ספקות. הספק, כמו שאומרים, אוכל אותנו מבפנים ומלאכת היצר הרע נעשית מאליה. “הסתלק מן הספק”, יגידו לנו החכמים בפרקי אבות (פרק א, 16) שנים רבות אחר כך, ועדין, עד היום זה שווה תזכורת.

 איך זוכרים? איך זוכרים ושומרים בדברים קטנים? קשה לזכור את אלוהים בלי “קשר במטפחת”, בלי משהו אמיתי, נגיש, “האנדס-און”. יש לנו דברים יומיומיים ודברים חודשים ודברים שנתיים, ויש – “ושמרו בני ישראל את השבת לדורותם”, כתוב בפרשה שלנו ומכאן נלקח לקידוש בשבת בבקר. הרבה פעמים נזכרת השבת בסמוך לבניית המשכן, שמא נחשוב שלבנות משכן או בית כנסת או פרויטש אחר שאנחנו מקשדים זה כזה דבר קדוש וחשוב שאפשר בשבילו לחלל שבת. אבל לא. שבת תופסת עדיפות. השבת, אמר הרב השל, מהווה בשבילנו במימד הזמן מה שמשכן, בית מקדש או בית כנסת מהווים במימד הפיזי. ובשעה שהפיזי הולך ובא – היום אנחנו חיים במדבר, אחכ בארץ ישראל, אחכ בגלות, אחכ שוב בארץ – השבת הולכת איתנו ממקום למקום. אחד העם, שלא היה דתי, אמר: “יותר מאשר ישראל שמרו על השבת, השבת שמרה על ישראל”. מה זה “לשמור שבת”, יכול להיות שיחה מסובכת שלא נכנס אליה. אנשים שונים עושים את זה אחרת, ומן הסתם, תמיד היו מי שלא ממש ‘שמרו הכל’, אחרת לא היו צריכים כל כך הרבה חוקים אבל השבת נתנה ושמרה על היחוד של העם היהודי לאורך כל הדורות.

 ובנימה זו, שתהיה לנו שבת שלום.

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פרשת “תצווה”: שתי מילים – Tetzave

לפני שבוע קבלנו את ההדרכה הראשונית לבנית המשכן, בית המקדש הנייד. בפרשת תצווה ממשיכות ההנחיות היותר ספיציפיות – השמן, המנורה, ובמיוחד בגדי הכהן בפירוט רב מאד עם הרבה סמליות.

“ואתה תצווה את בני ישראל…” כך מתחילה הפרשה הזו, ולא בצורה ההרגילה של “ויאמר ה’ אל משה”…  זו הפרשה היחידה מאז הולדת משה ועד מותו בסוף התורה בו שמו של משה לא מוזכר אפילו פעם אחת, וכמו שאתה מתאר לעצמך, 3000 שנה של לימוד נתנו לדבר הרבה פירושים. למה?

מדרש מפורסם מספר שבזמן חטא העגל (שעוד יבוא בשבוע הבא לפי כלל אין מוקדם ומאוחר בתנכ) אלוהים אמר שהוא הולך לחסל את העם המעצבן הזה שכל הזמן עושה לו בעיות, ולחפש עם חדש שהוא ומשה ינהלו לבדם. משה מתחנן ומבקש שלא יעשה את זה כי אין בזה הגיון, ‘מי ירצה להיות העם שלך’, אומר משה לאל, ‘אם כל פעם שהם טועים אתה “חוטף קריזה” ומחסל אותם. מצידי, אפילו תמחק אותי מהספר שאתה כותב, כלומר, אני מעדיף שאם אתה צריך לוותר על מישהו, תוותר עלי, אבל אל תרע לעם’. משה אמר את זה בשפה יותר מדרשית, ו”לפי שאמר מחני נא מספרך אשר כתבת”, (לפי המדרש) ישנה פרשה אחת בה שמו לא מוזכר. הפרשה הזו נופלת בתחילת חודש אדר, ולמרות ש”משנכנס אדר, מרבים בשמחה”, יש גם יום עצוב בחודש הזה. ב-ז’ באדר, לפי המסורת, אנחנו מציינים את יום ההולדת ויום השנה של משה.

כרגיל, יש כאלה שרואים את זה שמשה חסר מפרשה אחת כ”עונש”, או כ”שיעור” רציני: משה לא היה צריך ‘סתם’ להגיד דברים חמורים, אפילו אם התכוון לטובה וכו, אבל יש כאלה שרואים את זה לטובה: משה בקש מאלוהים, “מחני נא מספרך”, ואלוהים, כמו מלך נדיב שאוהב את השר שלו מאד, מקשיב לו וכאילו נותן לו את העט שלו ל”קשקש”, נותן לו רשות לעשות כמה דברים לפי רצונו הוא. בעיני תמיד יפה, מדהים וחזק שאפשר מאותו פסוק להוציא דבר והיפוכו ולהשאר בחיים עם אותה תורה לאורך אלפי שנים.

יש עוד פירוש חביב: בשבוע שעבר קראנו את תרומות, איסוף כספים ושמו של משה נזכר הרבה פעמים, אבל השבוע מדבור על חלוקה, ובחלוקה תמיד יש סיכוי שיהיו חשדות והאשמות. טוב שמנהיגים ימנעו מכך, וגם משה נזהר ונמנע מהפרשה הזו…

“ואתה תצווה”… למשל כאן, כל אחד הביא דברים לבניית משכן. אנשים הביאו זהב, כסף, תכלת, ארגמן ואולי משה הצטער שלא הביא דבר. אבל לכל אחד יש את התפקיד שלו. אומרים “אין אדם שאין לו מקום ואין לו שעה”. לכן, אמר לו אלוהים (אולי), ‘משה, אל תדאג. זה שאתה לא עושה את הדברים כמו כולם, לא אומר שאין לך משהו מיוחד  משלך שאף אחד אחר לא יכול לתרום. הנדבה שלך למשכן’, אומר אלוהים למשה, ‘היא שאתה תלמד את בני ישראל, “אתה תצווה”. וההוכחה? “דיבורך-תלמודך חביב עלי יותר מכל הנדברות, שזהו מקור חיים בעל הדורות, כי המשכן נחרב והתורה מתקימת לעד” (מן המפרשים).

“תצווה” – כשאני שומעת את המלה, אני חושבת על השרש של צווי, מצווה. יש כאלה שאומרים  שזה אפילו קשור לצבא, אבל מצאתי פירוש ש”תצווה” קשור ל”צוותא” ומלמד על הקשר בין בני ישראל למצוות ומכאן אחד לשני. לפיו, יתכן ששני הקשרים הולכים יד ביד: יותר מצוות – יותר עבודת צוות בעם היהודי, וגם – אם יש יותר צוותא – אולי יש יותר הזדמנות לעשות את הדברים הנכונים.

 אלה היו רק שתי מילים מהפרשה… בקצב כזה נראה לי שכדאי להשאיר את היתר לפעם אחרת…

שבת שלום. וגם פורים שמח.

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Mishpatim: Ring on, Freedom…

On one of my flights to Israel, I noticed in front of me a haredi boy, no more than 10 years old, intently reading parashat mishpatim. That image stuck with me, for there is nothing funny or fun in this parasha; no cool stories and mostly nothing really kids’ appropriate. He was somewhere between what happens if a pregnant woman finds herself in a fight – what if she gets hurt, what if the baby gets hurt, what happens if a man seduces a virgin and the laws regarding bestiality. Shortly, the kind of material most parents of a 10 year old would make sure he doesn’t get his hands on.

It made me realize something special about Jewish learning that I didn’t think about before then: The concept of ‘let’s put this out of the way till the kids grow up’, doesn’t exist. It can’t exist. As it says in Pirkei Avot (5:22), “turn it, turn it, everything is in it”. Everything is in our one book, all mixed together. I liked it. It felt messy; it felt real. We learn early on that joyful, painful, challenging, sad, ugly, funny, law and lore all co-exist in our life.

Parashat Mishpatim begins with the laws regarding a Hebrew slave. “If you acquire a Hebrew servant, he is to serve you for six years. But in the seventh year, he shall go free, without paying anything . . .” (Exodus 21:1-6).

What a dramatic turn of events! After centuries in bondage with no end or hope in sight, slavery is no longer a permanent status. Now each and every person is entitled for freedom, and slavery, for the Hebrews, is a matter of choice or circumstances with a beginning and end. Further: both servant and master are now subject to the same explicit laws, known in advance, rather than the whim of a tyrant.

This is also the Torah’s way of telling us another important difference Sinai will make in our life: It isn’t about thunder and lightning and a “wow” performance of our God. It’s about the small details in life, and it’s going to have critical meaning everyone, from masters to slaves.

But wait. If we just received our freedom, why are we given laws regarding Hebrew slaves at all? Shouldn’t the text just say, ‘abolish slavery altogether’, ‘slavery is not allowed’, and be done with it?

The rabbis spent much time defining the specifics of the kind of slavery the Torah is talking about. It’s understood that the servant in this context was usually someone in debt who had to repay his overwhelming loan, as opposed to the image we have of slaves in the U.S. The laws likewise delt fairly with the servant’s wife and children, as well as an extreme situation when the servant decides not to go free, and remain a servant for life to his master.

But the bottom line is that, abolishing slavery altogether is not possible. In one way or another, even the most “free” among us, is always a servant to a “master” of one kind of another.

Rabbi Yehuda Halevi of the 12th century expressed it best in this succinct poem:

עבדי זמן עבדי עבדים הם

עבד ה’ הוא לבדו חופשי

על כך בבקש כל אנוש חלקו

חלקי עם ה’ אמרה נפשי

Servants of time-bound gods are servants to other slaves;

Only God’s servant, alone is free.

When each sought his share,

My share is Hashem’s, my soul said to me.

Accordingly, the only question we face in life is not whether to be “slaves” or “free” in the deepest sense of these words, but who do we worship. At any given moment, we always hold something on high. What is it that influences our core beliefs? That makes us do something that goes above and beyond? What is it that demands sacrifices from us? What do we offer for what?

The further we have gotten away from ancient idolatry, the more subtle our gods have become. They are often invisible and in and of themselves, not bad, like beauty, youth, power, love or education. The challenge arises when we compromise our core values for them, and when these gods demand sacrifices, hurt who we are, and interfere in our relationship with the One God we were introduce to at Sinai.

Our tradition asks us to remember our time in Egypt in each holiday, each Shabbat, each prayer, each meal. The journey from slavery to freedom informs our whole experience. But it’s not only a national-historical story. It also touches on the individual, spiritual daily-work we are called to apply to our life here and now.

Shabbat Shalom.

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